The first physical evidence in history: banned substances were discovered in ancient Egyptian Bes circles.

Researchers have discovered the first physical evidence of hallucinogens in a cup that is nearly 2000 years old. This finding, which confirms historical accounts and ancient myths, is the result of the work of a professor from the University of South Florida, writes Phys.org.

The study utilized advanced chemical analysis to investigate one of the rare Bes cups, a special type of pottery associated with ancient Egyptian rituals. These artifacts, including a sample donated to the Tampa Museum of Art in 1984, are adorned with images of Bes, a deity revered for protection, fertility, and healing practices.

The research indicates that these artifacts, which are almost 2,000 years old, were used in magical ceremonies.

"For the first time, we identified all the chemical signatures of the liquid contained in the Bes cup from the Tampa museum," said lead researcher Davide Tanasi. The analysis revealed psychoactive and medicinal plants, providing unprecedented insight into ancient practices.

The study addresses a long-standing mystery regarding the role of Bes cups in Egyptian culture. According to Branko van Oppen, curator of Greek and Roman art at the Tampa Museum of Art, scholars have debated their purpose for decades. Some suggested they contained sacred water, milk, or beer, but the exact contents remained a mystery.

New data suggest that these cups were an integral part of rituals that likely combined psychedelic substances, biological fluids, and alcohol. Tanasi's findings indicate their use in ceremonies related to fertility and mythological reproduction.

The research, conducted as part of the "Archaeology of the Mediterranean Diet" project, involved collaboration between researchers from the Institute for Advanced Study of Culture and Environment at Florida State University and Italian universities.

By analyzing the residues inside the cup, the team discovered a mixture that included honey, sesame, pine nuts, licorice, and grapes. These ingredients likely served both symbolic and practical purposes, reminiscent of blood to enhance the mystique of the ritual.

This study offers a rare glimpse into the magical rituals of the Greco-Roman period in Egypt. Van Oppen noted the use of Bes chambers in Saqqara, where women sought blessings for successful pregnancies—an issue of critical importance in ancient times.

By combining scientific analysis with historical research, Tanasi's team illuminated the cultural significance of Bes cups. As the scholar stated, "This research provides compelling evidence that Egyptian myths are grounded in truth, shedding light on rituals that were previously shrouded in mystery."

We also reported on spy photos that aided archaeologists. Thanks to declassified images, scientists have come closer to identifying the site of the Battle of Al-Qadisiyyah.